1/25/2024 0 Comments Odyssey meaning in hindi![]() ![]() Important sites include the Ranigumpha in Udaygiri, and various caves and temples at Lalitgiri, Ratnagiri and Alatgiri sites. The Hindu, Jain and Buddhist archaeological sites in Odisha state, particularly the Assia range of hills show inscriptions and carvings of dances that are dated to the 6th to 9th century CE. Archeologists have reported the discovery of 20-key, carefully shaped polished basalt lithophone in Sankarjang, the highlands of Odisha, which is dated to about 1000 BCE. The classical music tradition of Odisha, known as Odissi music, also has ancient roots. Hathigumpha inscription, Line 5, ~ 2nd–1st century BCE (he ) versed in the science of the Gandharvas (i.e., music), entertains the capital with the exhibition of dapa, dancing, singing and instrumental music and by causing to be held festivities and assemblies (samajas). The Hathigumpha inscriptions, also dated to the same ruler, mention music and dance : The Manchapuri cave in Udayagiri shows carvings of dance and musicians, and this has been dated to the time of Jain king Kharavela in the first or second century BCE. More direct historical evidence of dance and music as an ancient performance art are found in archaeological sites such as caves and in temple carvings of Bhubaneswar, Konark and Puri. The Natya Shastra refers to four pravrittis (methods of expressive delivery) in vogue – Avanti, Dakshinatya, Panchali and Odra-Magadhi of these, the Odra refers to Odisha. Dance and performance arts, states this ancient text, are a form of expression of spiritual ideas, virtues and the essence of scriptures. The text, states Natalia Lidova, describes the theory of Tāṇḍava dance ( Shiva), the theory of rasa, of bhāva, expression, gestures, acting techniques, basic steps, standing postures – all of which are part of Indian classical dances. The most studied version of the Natya Shastra text consists of about 6000 verses structured into 36 chapters. Natya Shastra is attributed to the ancient scholar Bharata Muni, and its first complete compilation is dated to between 200 BCE and 200 CE, but estimates vary between 500 BCE and 500 CE. The basic dance units described in Natyashastra, all 108 of them, are identical to those in Odissi. The foundations of Odissi are found in Natya Shastra, the ancient Hindu Sanskrit text of performance arts. Odissi was the only Indian dance form present in Michael Jackson's 1991 hit single Black or White. Modern Odissi productions by Indian artists have presented a diverse range of experimental ideas, culture fusion, themes and plays. Traditional Odissi exists in two major styles, the first perfected by women and focussed on solemn, spiritual temple dance ( maharis) the second perfected by boys dressed as girls ( gotipuas) which diversified to include athletic and acrobatic moves, and were performed from festive occasions in temples to general folksy entertainment. An Odissi performance repertoire includes invocation, nritta (pure dance), nritya (expressive dance), natya (dance drama) and moksha (dance climax connoting salvation of the soul and spiritual release). It involves lower (footwork), mid (torso) and upper (hand and head) body as three sources of perfecting expression and audience engagement with geometric symmetry and rhythmic musical resonance. Odissi is learnt and performed as a composite of basic dance motif called the Bhangas (symmetric body bends, stance). Classical Odia literature & the Gita Govinda set to traditional Odissi music are used for the abhinaya. Odissi is traditionally a dance-drama genre of performance art, where the artist(s) and musicians play out a story, a spiritual message or devotional poem from the Hindu texts, using symbolic costumes, body movement, abhinaya (expressions) and mudras (gestures and sign language) set out in ancient Sanskrit literature. The suppression was protested by the Indians, followed by its revival, reconstruction and expansion since India gained independence from the colonial rule. It was suppressed under the British Rule. The theoretical foundations of Odissi trace to the ancient Sanskrit text Natya Shastra, its existence in antiquity evidenced by the dance poses in the sculptures of Kalingan temples, and archeological sites related to Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. ![]() ![]() Odissi performances have also expressed ideas of other traditions such as those related to Hindu Gods Shiva and Surya, as well as Hindu Goddesses ( Shaktism). Odissi, in its history, was performed predominantly by women, and expressed religious stories and spiritual ideas, particularly of Vaishnavism through songs written and composed according to the ragas & talas of Odissi music by ancient poets of the state. ![]() Odissi ( Odia: ଓଡ଼ିଶୀ), also referred to as Orissi in old literature, is a major ancient Indian classical dance that originated in the temples of Odisha – an eastern coastal state of India. ![]()
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